Guverinoma ya leta ya Vale na Pala yakoze ibirori ku ya 6 Mata mu rwego rwo kwizihiza itangira ry’inyubako y’uruganda rwa mbere rw’ubucuruzi rwa teknori muri Malaba, umujyi uri mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa leta ya Pala, muri Brezili. Tecnored, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, rishobora gufasha inganda z’ibyuma n’ibyuma gukuraho karubone ikoresheje biomass aho gukoresha amakara akoreshwa mu byuma kugira ngo ikore icyuma kibisi cy’ingurube no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere kugeza ku 100%. Ibyuma by’ingurube bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma.
Ubushobozi bw'umusaruro w'icyuma kibisi mu ruganda rushya buri mwaka buzagera kuri toni 250000, kandi bushobora kugera kuri toni 500000 mu gihe kizaza. Biteganyijwe ko uru ruganda ruzatangira gukora mu 2025, rukazashoramo ishoramari ringana na miliyari 1.6 z'ama-reais.
“Kubaka uruganda rw’ubucuruzi rwa teknored ni intambwe y’ingenzi mu guhindura inganda z’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. Bizafasha uruhererekane rw’ibikorwa kurushaho kuramba. Umushinga wa Teknored ufite akamaro kanini kuri Vale n’akarere umushinga uherereyemo. Bizanoza ipiganwa ry’akarere kandi bifashe akarere kugera ku iterambere rirambye.” Eduardo Bartolomeo, umuyobozi mukuru wa Vale, yagize ati: “Iyubakwa ry’uruganda rw’ubucuruzi rwa teknored ni intambwe ikomeye mu guhindura inganda z’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. Bizafasha uruhererekane rw’ibikorwa kugira ngo rukomeze kubaho neza. Umushinga wa Teknored ufite akamaro kanini kuri Vale n’akarere umushinga uherereyemo. Bizanoza ipiganwa ry’akarere kandi bifashe akarere kugera ku iterambere rirambye.”
Uruganda rw’ibinyabutabire rwa Tecnored ruherereye ahantu hahoze uruganda rw’ibyuma bya karajas mu gace k’inganda ka Malaba. Dukurikije iterambere ry’umushinga n’ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga, imirimo 2000 biteganijwe ko izaboneka mu gihe cy’inyongera cy’umushinga mu gihe cy’ubwubatsi, naho imirimo 400 itaziguye n’iy’inyongera ishobora guhangwa mu gihe cy’ikorwa.
Ku bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga rya tekinoroji
Itanura rya Tecnored ni rito cyane ugereranije n’itanura risanzwe rikoreshwa mu gutemba, kandi ubwoko bw’ibikoresho fatizo byaryo bushobora kuba bunini cyane, kuva ku ifu y’icyuma, icyuma gikozwe mu byuma kugeza ku mwanda w’amabuye y’agaciro.
Ku bijyanye n'ibicanwa, itanura rifunze rishobora gukoresha biomass ya karubone, nka bagasse na Eucalyptus. Ikoranabuhanga rya Tecnored rikora ibicanwa bibisi mu bice bito (uduce duto duto), hanyuma rikabishyira mu itanura kugira ngo rikore icyuma kibisi cy'ingurube. Ibicanwa bya Tecnored bishobora kandi gukoresha amakara y'icyuma nk'ibicanwa. Kubera ko ikoranabuhanga rya tecnored rikoreshwa mu bikorwa binini ku nshuro ya mbere, ibicanwa bizakoreshwa mu ntangiriro z'imikorere y'uruganda rushya kugira ngo harebwe imikorere y'imikorere.
“Tuzasimbuza buhoro buhoro amakara n’ibikomoka kuri karuboni kugeza igihe tuzagera ku ntego yo gukoresha ibikomoka kuri karuboni 100%.” Bwana Leonardo Caputo, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Tecnored, yagize ati. Guhitamo ibikomoka kuri karuboni bizagabanya ikiguzi cy’imikorere ya Tecnored kugeza kuri 15% ugereranije n’ibikoresho bisanzwe byo guterura.
Ikoranabuhanga rya Tecnored ryamaze imyaka 35 ritera imbere. Rikuraho uburyo bwo guconga no gushonga kw'ibyuma mu ntangiriro z'ikorwa ry'ibyuma, byombi bisohora imyuka myinshi ihumanya ikirere.
Kubera ko gukoresha itanura rya tecnored bitasaba gucoca no gutwika, ishoramari ry'uruganda rwa Xingang rishobora kuzigama kugeza kuri 15%. Byongeye kandi, uruganda rwa tecnored rufite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ingufu neza, kandi imyuka yose ikorwa mu gushonga irakoreshwa, imwe muri yo ikaba ikoreshwa mu guteranya. Ishobora gukoreshwa atari nk'ibikoresho fatizo gusa mu gushonga, ahubwo no nk'ibikomoka ku nganda za sima.
Kuri ubu Vale ifite uruganda rw’icyitegererezo rufite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 75000 ku mwaka i Pindamoniyangaba, muri Sao Paulo, muri Brezili. Iyi sosiyete ikora iterambere rya tekiniki muri urwo ruganda kandi ikanagerageza ubushobozi bwarwo mu bya tekiniki n’ubukungu.
Kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya "Scope III"
Imikorere y'ubucuruzi y'uruganda rwa teknored muri Malaba igaragaza imbaraga za Vale zo guha abakiriya b'uruganda rw'ibyuma ibisubizo bya tekiniki kugira ngo bibafashe gukuraho karubone mu mikorere yabo.
Mu 2020, Vale yatangaje intego yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya "scope III" ku kigero cya 15% bitarenze 2035, aho kugeza kuri 25% bizagerwaho binyuze mu bikoresho byiza cyane ndetse na gahunda z'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho harimo no gushongesha icyuma kibisi. Imyuka ihumanya ikirere iva mu nganda z'ibyuma ubu ingana na 94% by'imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya Vale ya "scope III".
Vale kandi yatangaje indi ntego yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ni ukuvuga kugera ku mvange y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (“scope I” na “scope II”) bitarenze umwaka wa 2050. Iyi sosiyete izashora miliyari 4 z’amadolari y’Amerika kugeza kuri miliyari 6 z’amadolari y’Amerika kandi yongere ubuso bw’amashyamba yasubiwemo kandi arinzwe kuri hegitari 500000 muri Brezili. Vale imaze imyaka irenga 40 ikorera muri leta ya Pala. Iyi sosiyete yashyigikiye Ikigo cya chicomendez gishinzwe kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima (icmbio) kugira ngo kirinde ahantu hatandatu ho mu karere ka Karagas, hitwa “karagas mosaic”. Bafite ubuso bwa hegitari 800000 z’ishyamba rya Amazon, bungana na Sao Paulo inshuro eshanu kandi bungana na Wuhan mu Bushinwa.