Vale yakoze toni zigera ku 250.000 z'umucanga urambye, wemejwe ko usimbura umucanga ukunze gucukurwa mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko.

Nyuma y'imyaka 7 y'ubushakashatsi n'ishoramari rya miliyoni 50 z'ama-reais, Vale yateguye inzira yo gukora ibicuruzwa by'umucanga byiza cyane, bishobora gukoreshwa mu nganda z'ubwubatsi. Iyi sosiyete yashyize iyi nzira yo gukora ibikoresho by'umucanga mu gace gakorerwamo amabuye y'agaciro muri Minas Gerais, kandi ihindura ibikoresho by'umucanga byasabaga ikoreshwa ry'ingomero cyangwa uburyo bwo gukusanya mo ibintu. Uburyo bwo gukora bugengwa n'ubuziranenge nk'ubwo gukora amabuye y'agaciro. Muri uyu mwaka, iyi sosiyete yatunganyije kandi ikora toni zigera ku 250.000 z'ibicuruzwa by'umucanga birambye, kandi iyi sosiyete irateganya kugurisha cyangwa kubitanga kugira ngo bikoreshwe muri sima, sima na sima cyangwa se mu gutunganya inzira.

Bwana Marcello Spinelli, Visi Perezida Mukuru w’Ubucuruzi bw’Amabuye y’Iron bwa Vale, yavuze ko umusaruro w’umucanga ari umusaruro w’imikorere irambye. Yagize ati: “Uyu mushinga waduteye imbaraga zo gushinga ubukungu bw’imbere mu gihugu. Hari ibura ryinshi ry’umucanga mu nganda z’ubwubatsi. Umucanga wacu utanga ubundi buryo bwizewe bwo gusimbura ubwubatsi, mu gihe ugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije no ku mibereho y’abaturage zo guta imyanda. Ingaruka.”

Agace k'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ka Bulkoutu gafite ubusitani burambye bwo kubikamo umusaruro w'umucanga

Dukurikije ibipimo by’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, umucanga ukenerwa buri mwaka ku isi ni toni zigera kuri miliyari 40 kugeza kuri 50. Umucanga wabaye umutungo kamere ukoreshwa cyane nyuma y’amazi, kandi uyu mutungo ukoreshwa mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko kandi ukoreshwa nabi ku rwego rw’isi.

Umucanga uhoraho wa Vale ufatwa nk'umusaruro w'amabuye y'agaciro. Amabuye y'agaciro acukurwa mu buryo bw'umwimerere ahinduka amabuye y'agaciro nyuma y'ibikorwa byinshi byo gutunganya mu buryo bufatika nko kuyasya, kuyasukura, kuyasya no kuyatunganya mu ruganda. Agashya ka Vale gashingiye ku kongera gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro mu gihe cyo kuyatunganya kugeza igihe agereye ku buziranenge bukenewe kandi akaba ibicuruzwa by'ubucuruzi. Mu buryo busanzwe bwo kuyatunganya, ibi bikoresho bizaba imyanda, bijugunywa hakoreshejwe ingomero cyangwa mu mirundo. Ubu, buri toni y'umucanga ikorwa bivuze kugabanya toni imwe y'imyanda.

Ibikomoka ku mucanga bikorerwa mu gutunganya icyuma bifite icyemezo 100%. Bifite silicon nyinshi n'icyuma gito cyane, kandi bifite imiterere ingana ya shimi n'ingano y'uduce duto. Bwana Jefferson Corraide, umuyobozi mukuru w'akarere ka Brucutu na Agualimpa, yavuze ko ubu bwoko bw'ibikomoka ku mucanga budafite akaga. “Ibikomoka ku mucanga wacu ahanini bitunganywa hakoreshejwe uburyo bufatika, kandi imiterere y'ibikomoka ku bintu ntihinduka mu gihe cyo kubitunganya, bityo ibyo bikoresho ntibigira uburozi kandi nta ngaruka mbi bifite.”

Gukoresha umucanga wa Vale muri sima na sima biherutse kwemezwa n’Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu bya Siyansi cyo muri Brezili (IPT), Falcão Bauer na ConsultareLabCon, laboratwari eshatu z’umwuga.

Abashakashatsi bo mu Kigo cy’Ubucukuzi bw’Amabuye y’agaciro Burambye muri Kaminuza ya Queensland muri Ositaraliya na Kaminuza ya Geneva mu Busuwisi barimo gukora ubushakashatsi bwigenga kugira ngo basesengure imiterere y’ibikomoka ku mucanga wa Vale kugira ngo basobanukirwe niba ibi bikoresho by’ubwubatsi bikomoka ku mabuye y’agaciro bishobora kuba isoko irambye y’umucanga Kandi bikagabanya cyane ingano y’imyanda iterwa n’ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro. Abashakashatsi bakoresha ijambo "umucanga w’amabuye y’agaciro" bashaka kuvuga ibikomoka ku mucanga bikomoka ku mabuye y’agaciro kandi bigakorwa binyuze mu gutunganya.

igipimo cy'umusaruro

Vale yiyemeje kugurisha cyangwa gutanga toni zisaga miliyoni imwe z'umucanga bitarenze umwaka wa 2022. Abaguzi bayo baturuka mu turere tune turimo Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Sao Paulo na Brasilia. Iyi sosiyete iteganya ko mu mwaka wa 2023, umusaruro w'umucanga uzagera kuri toni miliyoni 2.

“Twiteguye kwagura isoko ry’ibikomoka ku mucanga guhera mu 2023. Kubera iyo mpamvu, twashyizeho itsinda ryihariye ryo gushora imari muri ubu bucuruzi bushya. Bazakoresha inzira yo gukora ibikomoka ku mucanga mu buryo busanzwe bwo gukora kugira ngo bahaze ibyifuzo by’isoko.” Bwana Rogério Nogueira, Umuyobozi wa Vale Iron Ore Marketing, yagize ati: “Twiteguye kwagura isoko ry’ibikomoka ku mucanga kuva mu 2023. Kubera iyo mpamvu, twashyizeho itsinda ryihariye ryo gushora imari muri ubu bucuruzi bushya. Bazakoresha inzira yo gukora ibikomoka ku mucanga mu buryo busanzwe bwo gukora kugira ngo bahaze ibyifuzo by’isoko.”

Ubu Vale irimo gukora umusaruro w'umucanga mu kirombe cya Brucutu kiri i San Gonzalo de Abaisau, Minas Gerais, uzagurishwa cyangwa utange impano.

Utundi duce ducukura amabuye y'agaciro muri Minas Gerais natwo turimo gukora impinduka mu bidukikije no mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro kugira ngo dushyiremo uburyo bwo gukora umucanga. “Utu duce ducukura amabuye y'agaciro dukora ibikoresho by'umucanga bifite silicon nyinshi, bishobora gukoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye. Turimo gukorana n'ibigo byinshi birimo za kaminuza, ibigo by'ubushakashatsi n'ibigo byo mu gihugu no mu mahanga kugira ngo dutange ibisubizo bishya byo gutanga amabuye mashya y'icyuma. Uburyo bwo gusohoka.” Bwana André Vilhena, umuyobozi mushya w'ubucuruzi wa Vale yashimangiye.

Uretse gukoresha ibikorwa remezo biriho mu gace gacukurwamo amabuye y'agaciro, Vale yanashyizeho umuyoboro w'ubwikorezi ugizwe na gari ya moshi n'imihanda yo gutwara ibicuruzwa by'umucanga mu ntara nyinshi muri Brezili. Bwana Verena yagize ati: “Icyo twibandaho ni ukureba ko ubucuruzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro burambye. Binyuze muri ubu bucuruzi bushya, twizeye kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije, dushakisha amahirwe yo guteza imbere akazi no kongera amafaranga.”

ibikomoka ku bidukikije

Vale yatangiye gukora ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa ry’ibice by’amabuye kuva mu 2014. Umwaka ushize, iyi sosiyete yafunguye uruganda rwa Puku Brick Factory, rukaba ari rwo ruganda rwa mbere rw’igerageza rukora ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi hakoreshejwe ibice by’amabuye y’agaciro nk’ibikoresho by’ibanze. Uru ruganda ruherereye mu gace ka Pico gacukurwamo amabuye y’agaciro muri Itabilito, Minas Gerais, kandi rugamije guteza imbere ubukungu bushingiye ku mikorere y’amabuye y’agaciro.

Ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe Uburezi bw'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga cya Minas Gerais n'uruganda rwa Pico Brick batangije ubufatanye mu bya tekiniki bohereza abashakashatsi 10 barimo abarimu, abatekinisiye ba laboratwari, abanyeshuri barangije kaminuza, abanyeshuri biga amasomo ya tekiniki mu ruganda. Mu gihe cy'ubufatanye, tuzakorera aho uruganda ruzakorera, kandi ibicuruzwa mu gihe cy'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ntibizagurishwa ku isi yose.

Vale kandi ikorana na campus ya Itabira ya Kaminuza ya Leta ya Itajuba mu kwiga uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikomoka ku mucanga mu gusiga amabuye. Iyi sosiyete irateganya gutanga ibikomoka ku mucanga mu gace k’iwabo kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu gusiga amabuye.

Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro burambye kurushaho

Uretse guteza imbere ibikomoka ku bidukikije, Vale yanafashe izindi ngamba zo kugabanya imiyoboro y'amazi no gutuma ibikorwa by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro birushaho kurambye. Iyi sosiyete yiyemeje guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibyuma byumye bidasaba amazi. Kuri ubu, hafi 70% by'ibikomoka ku byuma bya Vale bikorerwa mu gutunganya ibyuma byumye, kandi iki gipimo ntikizahinduka nubwo ubushobozi bwo gukora buri mwaka bwongerwa bukagera kuri toni miliyoni 400 n'imishinga mishya igatangira gukoreshwa. Mu 2015, ibyuma bikorerwa mu gutunganya ibyuma byumye byari 40% gusa by'umusaruro wose.

Kuba ubutare bwumye bushobora gukoreshwa bifitanye isano n'ubwiza bw'icyuma gicukurwa. Ubutare bw'icyuma bwo muri Carajás bufite icyuma kinini (kirenga 65%), kandi uburyo bwo gutunganya bugomba gusa gusya no gupimwa hakurikijwe ingano y'uduce.

Impuzandengo y'icyuma mu duce tumwe na tumwe ducukurwamo amabuye y'agaciro muri Minas Gerais ni 40%. Uburyo gakondo bwo kuvura ni ukongera icyuma kiri mu mabuye y'agaciro binyuze mu kongera amazi mu kuyatunganya. Inyinshi mu mabuye y'agaciro aturukamo ziba zirundanyirijwe mu ngomero cyangwa mu byobo. Vale yakoresheje ubundi buryo bwo kuyungurura amabuye y'agaciro yo mu rwego rwo hasi, ari yo ikoranabuhanga ryo gutandukanya amabuye y'agaciro y'agaciro (FDMS). Uburyo bwo gutandukanya amabuye y'agaciro n'ingufu ...

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gutandukanya amabuye y’agaciro yumye ryakozwe muri Brezili na NewSteel, yaguzwe na Vale mu 2018, kandi ryakoreshejwe mu ruganda rw’igerageza ruri i Minas Gerais. Uruganda rwa mbere rw’ubucuruzi ruzakoreshwa mu gace ka Vargem Grande mu 2023. Uruganda ruzaba rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni miliyoni 1.5 ku mwaka n’ishoramari rya miliyoni 150 z’amadolari y’Amerika.

Irindi koranabuhanga rishobora kugabanya ikenerwa ry’ingomero z’imyanda ni ukuyungurura imyanda no kuyibika mu mifuka yumye. Nyuma y’uko ubushobozi bwo gukora icyuma buri mwaka bugera kuri toni miliyoni 400, toni miliyoni 60 (zigize 15% by’ubushobozi bwose bwo gukora) zizakoresha iri koranabuhanga mu kuyungurura no kubika imyanda. Vale yafunguye uruganda rutunganya imyanda mu gace ka Great Varzhin, kandi irateganya gufungura izindi nganda eshatu zitunganya imyanda mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2022, imwe muri zo iherereye mu gace ka Brucutu, izindi ebyiri ziherereye mu gace ka Itabira Mining. Nyuma y’ibyo, icyuma gikorerwa mu buryo busanzwe bwo kongerera ingufu imyanda kizaba kingana na 15% by’ubushobozi bwose bwo gukora, kandi imyanda izakorwa izabikwa mu ngomero z’imyanda cyangwa mu byobo byafunzwe.