Mu minsi ishize, umunyamakuru wa “Economic Information Daily” yamenye ko gahunda yo gushyira mu bikorwa urwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Bushinwa ndetse n’umurongo ngenderwaho w’ikoranabuhanga ritagira karuboni byatangiye gukoreshwa. Muri rusange, iyi gahunda igaragaza kugabanya amasoko, kugenzura neza inzira, no gushimangira imiyoborere ihoraho, yerekeza ku guhuza kugabanya umwanda no kugabanya karuboni, kandi igateza imbere impinduka zirambye mu bukungu n’imibereho myiza.
Abahanga mu nganda bavuze ko guteza imbere izamuka rya karuboni mu nganda z'ibyuma ari kimwe mu bikorwa icumi byo "kuzamuka kwa karuboni". Ku nganda z'ibyuma, ibi ni amahirwe n'imbogamizi. Inganda z'ibyuma zigomba gukemura neza isano iri hagati y'iterambere n'igabanuka ry'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, muri rusange no mu gice cyabyo, mu gihe gito no mu gihe kirekire.
Muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, Ishyirahamwe ry’Ubushinwa ry’Ibyuma n’Ibyuma ryagaragaje intego ya mbere y’ “umuvuduko wa karuboni” na “kutagira karuboni” mu nganda z’ibyuma. Mbere ya 2025, inganda z’ibyuma zizagera ku muvuduko wa karuboni; bitarenze 2030, imyuka ya karuboni mu nganda z’ibyuma izagabanukaho 30% ugereranije n’umuvuduko, kandi biteganijwe ko imyuka ya karuboni izagabanukaho toni miliyoni 420. Imyuka yose ya karuboni, dioxyde sulfur, oxyde azote, n’ibintu bihumanya ikirere mu nganda z’ibyuma biza mu byiciro 3 bya mbere mu nganda, kandi ni ngombwa ko inganda z’ibyuma n’ibyuma zigabanya imyuka ya karuboni.
“Ni 'umusozo' n' 'umusozo utukura' kugira ngo bibuze burundu ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora. Guhuza ibyavuye mu kugabanya ubushobozi biracyari kimwe mu nshingano z'ingenzi z'inganda mu gihe kizaza.” Biragoye kugabanya ukwiyongera kwihuta k'umusaruro w'ibyuma byo mu gihugu, kandi tugomba “guhuza impande ebyiri”. Kubera ko ingano yose igoye kugabanuka cyane, imirimo yo gusohora imyuka mike cyane iracyari intangiriro y'ingenzi.
Kugeza ubu, ibigo birenga 230 bikora ibyuma mu gihugu cyose byarangije cyangwa birimo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kuvugurura imyuka ihumanya ikirere ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni miliyoni 650 z'ibyuma bito. Kugeza mu mpera z'Ukwakira 2021, ibigo 26 bikora ibyuma mu ntara 6 byamaze gutangaza, muri byo ibigo 19 byatangaje imyuka ihumanya ikirere, imyuka ihumanya ikirere idatunganyijwe, n'ubwikorezi busukuye, naho ibigo 7 byatangaje igice. Ariko, umubare w'ibigo by'ibyuma byatangajwe ku mugaragaro uri munsi ya 5% by'umubare wose w'ibigo by'ibyuma mu gihugu.
Abantu bavuzwe haruguru bagaragaje ko amasosiyete amwe n'amwe y'ibyuma muri iki gihe afite ubumenyi buke ku bijyanye no guhindura imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku buryo igabanuka cyane, kandi amasosiyete menshi aracyategereje kandi areba, asigaye inyuma cyane. Byongeye kandi, amwe mu masosiyete nta bumenyi buhagije ku buryo iyi mpinduka igoye, akoresha ikoranabuhanga ritaragera ku isuku mu gutunganya no gupima imyuka ihumanya ikirere, imyuka ihumanya ikirere idatunganijwe neza, ubwikorezi busukuye, imicungire y'ibidukikije, igenzura n'amabwiriza kuri interineti, nibindi, hari ibibazo byinshi. Hari n'ibikorwa by'amasosiyete ahindura inyandiko z'umusaruro, akora ibitabo bibiri, kandi ahindura amakuru ajyanye no kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
“Mu gihe kizaza, imyuka ihumanya ikirere igomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu gihe cyose cy’ibikorwa byose, mu gihe cyose cy’ibikorwa byose, no mu gihe cyose cy’ubuzima.” Uwo muntu yavuze ko binyuze mu misoro, kugenzura uburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije, ibiciro by’amazi bitandukanye, n’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi, ikigo kizakomeza kongera politiki yo kurangiza impinduka mu gihe cy’ibikorwa byo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Shyigikira imbaraga.
Uretse "igenzura ry'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ebyiri", izibanda ku guteza imbere imiterere y’ibidukikije, kuzigama ingufu no kunoza uburyo ingufu zikoreshwa neza, kunoza ikoreshwa ry’ingufu n’imiterere y’imikorere yazo, kubaka uruhererekane rw’inganda ruzengurutse, no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rikoresha ingufu nke zikomoka ku karubone.
Abantu bavuzwe haruguru bavuze ko kugira ngo bagere ku iterambere ry’icyatsi kibisi, ridafite karuboni nyinshi kandi rifite ireme mu nganda z’ibyuma, bagomba no kunoza imiterere y’inganda. Kongera umusaruro w’ibikoresho by’icyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi mu buryo buciriritse, no gukemura ikibazo cy’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu nyinshi n’ibyuka byinshi bihumanya ikirere mu nganda zikora ibyuma mu buryo burambye. Kongera imiterere y’amashanyarazi, kunoza uruhererekane rw’inganda, no kugabanya cyane umubare w’ibigo byigenga bikoresha sintering, byigenga bishyushya, n’ibigo byigenga bikoresha cooking. Kongera imiterere y’ingufu, gushyira mu bikorwa ingufu zisukuye zo gusimbuza amakara, gukuraho moteri zikoresha gaze, no kongera igipimo cy’amashanyarazi akoresha ibidukikije. Ku bijyanye n’imiterere y’ubwikorezi, kongera igipimo cy’ubwikorezi bw’ibikoresho n’ibicuruzwa hanze y’uruganda, gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kohereza amazi muri gari ya moshi n’amazi mu ntera iringaniye n’irerire, no gushyiraho inzira z’imiyoboro cyangwa imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu mu ntera ngufi n’iciriritse; gushyira mu bikorwa byuzuye uburyo bwo kohereza imikandara, inzira n’imizingo mu ruganda ku rugero runini. Kugabanya ubwikorezi bw’ibinyabiziga mu ruganda no guhagarika gutwara ibikoresho mu ruganda.
Byongeye kandi, ubwinshi bw'inganda zikora ibyuma buracyari hasi, kandi intambwe ikurikiraho igomba kuba iyo kongera kwishyira hamwe no kuvugurura imikorere no guhuza no kunoza umutungo. Muri icyo gihe, kongera uburinzi bw'umutungo nk'amabuye y'agaciro.
Imiterere y’ibigo bikomeye mu kugabanya karuboni yihuta. Nk’ikigo kinini mu Bushinwa gikora ibyuma, ubu kikaba kiri ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi mu musaruro w’umwaka, Baowu yo mu Bushinwa yagaragaje neza ko iharanira kugera ku mubare munini wa karuboni mu 2023, ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya karuboni ku kigero cya 30% mu 2030, no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 50% ugereranyije n’umubare munini wo mu 2042. , Igere ku rwego rwo kutagira karuboni bitarenze 2050.
“Mu 2020, umusaruro w’icyuma gikozwe muri Baowu mu Bushinwa uzagera kuri toni miliyoni 115, ukwirakwizwa mu byuma 17. Uburyo ndende bwo gukora ibyuma muri Baowu mu Bushinwa bungana na hafi 94% by’ibiteranyo byose. Kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere biteza ikibazo gikomeye kuri Baowu mu Bushinwa kurusha bagenzi babo. Umunyamabanga akaba na Perezida w’Ishyaka rya Baowu mu Bushinwa, Chen Derong, yavuze ko Ubushinwa Baowu ari bwo bwa mbere mu kugera ku kutagira karuboni ibogamye.”
“Umwaka ushize twahagaritse gahunda ya Zhangang yo gutangiza itanura riturika, kandi twateganyaga kwihutisha iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya metallurgike rikoresha karubone nke no gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga rya hydrogen-based shaft furnace kuri gaze ya coke furnace.” Chen Derong yavuze ko, mu gutegura inzira yo gukora icyuma gikoresha hydrogen-based shaft furnace, gahunda yo gushongesha icyuma yitezweho kugera kuri zeru imyuka ya karubone.
Hegang Group irateganya kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere muri 2022, kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero kirenga 10% ugereranije n’igihe cyagenwe mu 2025, kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero kirenga 30% ugereranije n’igihe cyagenwe mu 2030, no kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’imyuka ihumanya ikirere muri 2050. Ansteel Group irateganya kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’imyuka ihumanya ikirere muri rusange mu 2025 no gutera imbere mu nganda mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rikoresha ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi make mu 2030, no guharanira kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 30% ugereranije n’igihe cyagenwe mu 2035; gukomeza guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi make mu ruganda no kuba inganda z’ibyuma mu gihugu cyanjye. Ibigo bya mbere binini by’ibyuma byageze ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’imyuka ihumanya ikirere.